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More than 700 alphabetically organized entries by an international team of contributors provide a fascinating survey of French culture post 1945. Entries include:* advertising * Beur cinema * Coco Chanel * decolonization * écriture feminine * football * francophone press * gay activism * Seuil * youth culture Entries range from short factual/biographical pieces to longer overview articles. All are extensively cross-referenced and longer entries are 'facts-fronted' so important information is clear at a glance. It includes a thematic contents list, extensive index and suggestions for

History of civilization --- Sociology of culture --- anno 1900-1999 --- France --- Popular culture --- Culture populaire --- Encyclopedias --- Encyclopédies --- Biography --- Dictionaries --- Civilization --- Biographie --- Dictionnaires --- Civilisation --- 908 <44> --- #KVHA:Cultuur; Frankrijk --- Culture, Popular --- Mass culture --- Pop culture --- Popular arts --- Communication --- Intellectual life --- Mass society --- Recreation --- Heemkunde. Area studies--Frankrijk --- Encyclopedias. --- -Encyclopedias. --- Frankrijk --- Kunst --- cultuurgeschiedenis --- encyclopedieën --- geschiedenis --- 908 <44> Heemkunde. Area studies--Frankrijk --- encyclopedieën. --- Cultuurgeschiedenis --- Encyclopedieën. --- Geschiedenis --- Encyclopédies --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Culture --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- 1945 --- -France --- Dictionaries. --- 프랑스 --- Falanxi --- Fa-lan-hsi --- 法蘭西 --- Frant︠s︡ --- Франц --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц Улс --- Popular culture - France - Encyclopedias --- France - Civilization - 1945- - Encyclopedias --- FRANCE --- CIVILISATION --- -ENCYCLOPEDIES --- CULTURE POPULAIRE --- ENCYCLOPEDIES

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"During the second half of the nineteenth century, Paris emerged as the entertainment capital of the world. The sparkling redesigned city fostered a culture of energetic crowd-pleasing and multi-sensory amusements that would apprehend and represent real life as spectacle. Vanessa R. Schwartz examines the explosive popularity of such phenomena as the boulevards, the mass press, public displays of corpses at the morgue, wax museums, panoramas, and early film. Drawing on a wide range of written and visual materials, including private and business archives, and working at the intersections of art history, literature, and cinema studies, Schwartz argues that "spectacular realities" are part of the foundation of modern mass society. She refutes the notion that modern life produced an unending parade of distractions leading to alienation, and instead suggests that crowds gathered not as dislocated spectators but as members of a new kind of crowd, one united in pleasure rather than protest."--Publisher description.

Popular culture --- Leisure industry --- Spectacular, The --- Spectacle --- Aesthetics --- Commercial leisure services --- Leisure services --- Service industries --- Culture, Popular --- Mass culture --- Pop culture --- Popular arts --- Communication --- Intellectual life --- Mass society --- Recreation --- Culture --- History --- Government policy --- France --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Civilization --- Paris (France) --- 19th century --- Popular culture - France - Paris - History - 19th century. --- France - Civilization - 19th century.

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This volume explores all aspects of the relations of Church and State including the wealth of the clergy, their role in official life, in the Court at Versailles and on the scaffold.

Catholic Church --- History --- France --- Church history --- Christian church history --- History of France --- anno 1700-1799 --- 27 <44> "17" --- Kerkgeschiedenis--Frankrijk--18e eeuw. Periode 1700-1799 --- -History --- -France --- -Toleration --- Jansenists --- Tolérance --- Jansénistes --- Histoire --- Toleration --- 273.7 <44> --- 273.7 <44> Jansenisme in Frankrijk --- Jansenisme in Frankrijk --- -Christian life --- -27 <44> "17" --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- -Eighteenth century --- 18th century --- History. --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Eighteenth century --- Christian life --- 프랑스 --- Falanxi --- Fa-lan-hsi --- 法蘭西 --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Франц --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц Улс --- -Church and state --- Church and state --- -Catholic Church --- -Christian church history --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교

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Si démembrer et contrôler l'Allemagne constituent officiellement les piliers de la politique allemande de la France, esquissée à Alger en 1943 et poursuivie dès la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, que de chemin parcouru en l'espace de dix ans ! Après l'échec relatif des projets français concernant le désarmement économique de l'Allemagne, entre 1945 et 1947, tant dans la zone d'occupation que dans les négociations avec les Alliés, certains dirigeants tentent d'imposer une nouvelle politique. Or, au même moment, grâce à l'aide américaine et à la réforme monétaire dans les trois zones occidentales de l'Allemagne, des rapports économiques normaux peuvent à nouveau s'établir entre les deux pays encourageant ainsi la reprise des contacts entre industriels et commerçants. En mai 1950, un nouvel élan est donné par le plan Schuman : les premiers pas vers la coopération franco-allemande sont faits et les échanges commerciaux connaissent un essor remarquable. Il faut toutefois attendre la fin de l'année 1955 et le règlement de l' « épineuse » question sarroise pour que les relations économiques bilatérales entre la France et la RFA se concrétisent enfin. Les années 1945-1955, période de reconstruction des économies française et allemande encore marquée par les problèmes de l'approvisionnement en charbon et du développement de la production d'acier, s'inscrivent en fait dans la tendance séculaire qui pousse ces deux économies l'une vers l'autre malgré les aléas de la politique, malgré deux guerres mondiales. « L'exceptionnel travail de Sylvie Lefèvre nous fait prendre conscience, comme jamais auparavant, de l'importance historique de cet enchaînement quasi miraculeux, qui substitua l'interpénétration des deux économies à leur affrontement, qui favorisa le rapprochement entre les deux pays et qui permit le lancement de la construction européenne. » Georges-Henri Soutou. France's foreign policy with respect to Germany, which it sketched out in Algiers in 1943 and…

History of France --- History of Germany and Austria --- anno 1940-1949 --- anno 1950-1959 --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- 327.1 --- 331.100 --- 92 --- 334.150.0 --- 335.6 --- Buitenlandse politiek. Economische sancties. --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Geschiedenis. --- Institutionele aspecten EG: algemeenheden. --- Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan. --- France --- Germany (West) --- -Foreign economic relations --- -DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- -Commerce --- Histoire. --- History. --- 92 Geschiedenis. --- 92 Histoire. --- 92 History. --- -History of France --- -Federal Republic of Germany --- Germany (Federal Republic, 1949- ) --- GFR --- West Germany (1949-1990) --- Germanskai︠a︡ Federalʹnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Ḥukūmat Almānyā al-Ittiḥādīyah --- NRF --- Niemiecka Republika Federalna --- FRG --- Federativnai︠a︡ Respublika Germanii --- NSR --- Nĕmecká spolková republika --- Német Szövetségi Köztársaság --- BRD --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Republiḳah ha-federalit ha-Germanit --- Batı Almanya --- Federal Almanya --- Tyske forbundsrepublik --- NSzK --- Repubblica federale tedesca --- Hsi-te cheng fu --- Te-i-chih lien pang kung ho kuo --- RFA --- République fédérale allemande --- RFN --- Republika Federalna Niemiec --- Republik Federasi Jerman --- Germany (Federal Republic) --- G.F.R. --- N.R.F. --- F.R.G. --- N.S.R. --- B.R.D. --- N.Sz.K. --- R.F.A. --- R.F.N. --- Alemania Federal --- République fédérale d'Allemagne --- República Federal de Alemania --- Bondsrepubliek Duitsland --- Repubblica federale di Germania --- German Federal Republic --- Western Germany --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Foreign economic relations --- -327.1 --- Buitenlandse politiek. Economische sancties --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Institutionele aspecten EG: algemeenheden --- Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan --- Geschiedenis --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Germany --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : British Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : French Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : Russian Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone) --- Germany (East) --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- 프랑스 --- Falanxi --- Fa-lan-hsi --- 法蘭西 --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Франц --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц Улс --- Seconde Guerre mondiale --- relations internationales --- histoire économique et financière --- relations franco-allemandes --- relations économiques --- IVe République --- FRANCE --- ALLEMAGNE --- RELATIONS ECONOMIQUES EXTERIEURES --- 1945 --- -RELATIONS ECONOMIQUES EXTERIEURES --- -RELATIONS EXTERIEURES --- RELATIONS EXTERIEURES